What distinguishes a hypothesis from a theory in scientific research?

A hypothesis serves as a foundational element in scientific research, functioning as a clear and testable prediction about the relationship between variables. It is formulated based on initial observations and theories and is designed to be tested through experiments or observations in order to validate or refute it. Testability is a core aspect of a hypothesis, ensuring that it can be supported or disproven by empirical evidence.

In contrast, a theory is a broader and well-established explanation of phenomena that has repeatedly been supported by extensive evidence and extensive testing over time. Theories build upon verified hypotheses and encompass a wider range of knowledge. Therefore, the significance of a hypothesis lies in its role as a stepping stone towards developing more complex scientific theories. This is what distinguishes it as a testable prediction rather than a conclusively established fact.